![]() ![]() There has never been an apparent association between racemose hemangioma and biliary atresia in the literature. It flowers in early spring, and by June or July its seeds, which are covered with tiny barbs, are mature. Since its roots develop early and reach deep in the soil, it outcompetes native plants for moisture. ![]() Racemose hemangioma of the BA has been found predominantly in the Japanese population, but its genesis remains elusive. Medusahead is a winter annual, germinating in the fall and undergoing root growth in the winter and early spring. She was diagnosed as having primary racemose hemangioma of the BA ( 1, 2). Elymus caput-medusae (medusahead) is a winter annual (family Poaceae) that typically invades disturbed sites, grasslands, openings in chaparral and oak woodlands. Angiography showed enlargement of a meandering bronchial artery (BA) and the proliferation of small branches connected to the parenchyma of both lungs ( Figure 2D ). Caput medusae is a network of dilated veins surrounding the umbilicus. ![]() Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed long, twisted vessels within the posterior mediastinum ( Figures 2A–2C, white arrows), where a caput medusae appearance emerged on three-dimensional images ( Figure 2C ). Obvious dilatation of bronchial mucosal vessels prone to bleeding was also detected ( Figures 1B and 1D, black arrows). Although bronchoscopy showed neither hemorrhages nor blood clots, multiple pulsatile protrusions with a polypoid form were found in the bronchial walls bilaterally ( Figures 1A–1D, white arrows). A 45-year-old woman with a history of liver transplantation for congenital biliary atresia presented with hemoptysis and a left-chest infiltrate. Caput medusae sign is frequently mentioned in medical books as a sign of portal hypertension but such hugely dilated veins are very rarely seen in clinical. ![]()
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